In other words, the conversion of the classification results into application commands, tasks and actions, and the application itself, represent a static addendum to the BCI systems. This approach, which is sketched in figure 1, allows developers to hardcode the symbols and feedback presented. The most straight forward approach is to integrate the application within the BCI system. Furthermore, the stimulation unit provides information about the presented stimuli using trigger signals and events, which are used to synchronously process the input signals and extract corresponding features. In order to enhance the user’s response to the presented stimuli and to help assess the system’s efficacy, a feedback related to the classification results is presented and the stimulation is adopted accordingly. The classification results are converted by a dedicated mapping component or appropriate methods into commands, actions and tasks to be executed by the attached applications such as a spelling device or robot. The classification determines the intention of the user based on the extracted features, which may reflect that the user does not intend to communicate at that time. A dedicated mapping component converts them into commands and tasks to be executed by an attached or embedded application or service. Other components handle the presentation of dedicated stimuli and the feedback of the classification results. The current developments and efforts to standardize the application interfaces will be presented.Ī BCI system consists of various components, which acquire, process and classify signals from the user’s brain. This chapter will discuss different ways this integration can be achieved, such as transmitting the user’s intention to the application for execution, updating the options available to the user, related actions and integrating visual BCI stimulation and feedback paradigms with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of external applications. moving a computer mouse ), controlling the motion and movement of a robot or a wheelchair, steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and motor imagination based BCI paradigms can be used.Īll these applications require integrating the BCI with an external software application or device. P300 evoked potential based BCIs can provide goal-oriented control as needed to operating spelling devices or control computer games. But even for less severe disabilities, a BCI can improve quality of life by allowing users to control a computer or specially prepared electronic devices, or to stay in contact with friends through social networks and games. In a BCI, the brain’s electrical activity during predefined mental tasks is analyzed and translated into corresponding actions intended by the user. In such severe cases, a brain-computer interface (BCI) might be the only remaining way to communicate. Many disorders, like spinal cord injury, stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), can impair or even completely disable the usual communication channels a person needs to communicate and interact with his or her environment.
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